Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEMS) for Cogeneration Facilities0 pages

Application Note

Power

Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEMS)
for Cogeneration Facilities
Cogeneration facilities produce electrical energy as a by-product of
their steam production. The steam is produced either for heat or as
a requirement of a manufacturing process.
Cogeneration facilities can utilize multiple and varied fuel sources.
These fuels can include natural gas, oil, coal, wood, various forms of
bio-solids, and even tires. Combined cycle cogeneration facilities are
becoming popular in meeting increasing energy demands. A typical
facility will include a gas turbine, heat recovery steam generator
(HRSG) and a steam turbine. The size of cogeneration facilities can
vary greatly from small hospitals to large petrochemical complexes.

Monitoring Requirements
Cogeneration facilities vary significantly in size, fuel burned,
pollution abatement equipment installed, and geographic
location. As a result, the continuous emissions monitoring (CEM)
requirements placed upon a given facility will also vary from plant to
plant.
The primary federal regulations defining continuous emissions
monitoring requirements are found in 40 CFR 60 and 40 CFR 75.
The latter is also known as the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
However, state and local agencies do have the ability to impose
additional and/or stricter requirements for the monitoring and
control of pollutants.
The federal regulations, based upon the fuel(s) utilized and the
generating capacity of the facility, may require the monitoring of
sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), opacity, a diluent
[carbon dioxide (CO2) or oxygen (O2) and stack flow.
In addition to the above requirements, state and local agencies may
also call for the monitoring of carbon monoxide (CO) and, in those
plants where SCR or SNCR is utilized for NOx reduction, may require
monitoring of ammonia (NH ) as well.
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A Modular Solution
Emerson Process Management provides process analyzers and
continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) designed to
effectively meet the needs and requirements of cogeneration
facilities.

Manufactured at Emerson’s Rosemount Analytical ISO 9001 certified facilities, these pre-engineered CEMS can measure up to
five gases and opacity, to the more complex systems measuring
multiple gases using data acquisition and handling systems.
Emerson CEMS guarantee EPA certification and are point-of-impact
information sources that help keep you in compliance with complex
environmental regulations and fine-tune your processes for greater
efficiency and increased profitability.

Process Analyzers
X-STREAM Flameproof Gas Analyzer (X2FD)
The X-STREAM flameproof gas analyzer provides single and multicomponent gas analysis in a severe service, explosion-proof housing.
Coupled with a remote-mounted sample conditioning system
and flow distribution/system controller, an X-STREAM X2F-based
CEMS becomes a truly modular emissions monitoring system. This
configuration allows sample extraction and conditioning anywhere
along the sampling train, reducing costs for heated sample lines,
equipment racks and instrument shelters.